comparison of essential oil of ocimum sanctum l. from fresh and dry aerial parts by hydro-distillation and steam distillation

the use of natural products as medicinal agents presumably predates the earliest recorded history. ocimum sanctum l., is a plant which is used in several traditional medicine systems to cure various diseases. in this study aerial parts of ocimum sanctum were collected on august 2014 from shahr-e-rey in iran. fresh and dry partsof plants essential oils were extracted with hydro-distillation and steam distillation and then essential oils injected to gc/ms. main component for dried leaves and flower with hydro-distillation method were chavicol (75.66%), linalool (6.69%) and cis-sabinene hydrate (2.84%) and 0.18% yield and for dry flower were chavicol (38.2%), linalool (32.8%), 10-epi-cubebul (3.89%) and 0.28% yield. main component with steam distillation method for dry leaves were chavicol (60.95%), linalool (4.38%), e-β-farnsene (3.8%) and 0.21% yield. main component of steam distilation for dry flower were chavicol (31.4%), linalool (24.7%), (e, e)-farnesole (20.8%), and 0.37% yield. main component for fresh and dried leaves with hydro-distillation method with dry leaves were chavicol (75.66%), linalool (6.69%), cis-sabinene hydrate (2.84%), and 0.20% yield. main component with fresh leaves were methyl chavicol (27.64%), spathulenol (13.92%), β-eudesmol (11.5%), and 0.18% yield. main component for steam distillation method with dry leaves were chavicol (60.95%), linalool (4.38%), e-β-farnsene (3.8%) and 0.23% yield.  main component with fresh leaves were methyl chavicol (38.96%), linalool (12.19%), spathulenol (6.73%), and 0.21% yield. main component for fresh and dry flower with hydro-distillation method with dry flower were chavicol (38.2%), linalool (32.80%), α-cadinene (4.08%), and 0.25% yield. main component for fresh flower were methyl chavicol (26.99%), linalool (17.98%), β-eudesmol (13.12%), and 0.28% yield. main component for steam distillation method with dry flower were chavicol (31.44%), linalool (24.70%), α-cadinene (5.28%), and 0.35% yield. main component with fresh flower were chavicol (25.2%), linalool (17.99%), germacrene d (6.87%), and 0.37% yield.  chavicol is used as an odorant in perfumery and it is miscible with alcohol, ether, and chloroform.